THE UNITED STATES AND ST. DOMINGO.

From the Courier des Etats-Unis.

We are in possession of details on the famous mission of Mr. and Mrs. Cazneau to St. Domingo, of the negotiation, broken off by a diplomatic pair, and of the present state of the Republic. If General Cazneau had only the double merit of edifying and of amusing our readers, the extraordinary mission which was granted to him might have added many pages to our comic papers. "A great deal might have been said," he writes us, "about Mr. Cazneau, personally; his mission, which he has assumed since his arrival, and especially that of his spouse; their daily life at General Cazneau's, in a sort of negro hut, covered with thatch, and their excess of artistic luxury, by no means singular, contrived by her; but I have endeavors to write history, and everything which might seem like personality."

We proceed to the history of this Dominican signal, stripped of all accessories:

ST. DOMINGO, Nov. 5, 1854.

The treaty concluded between the United States and the Dominican Republic, signed on the 5th of October, was printed and laid before the Congress on the 9th of October. This negotiation has been conducted with the greatest secrecy, General Santana himself failing in his designs on Samana, threatened with a siege by the English. As soon as notice was taken of his threat, he became resigned. In the site granted by Santana to the American mission, part of article 28th of his project is found. "The Dominican Republic grants to the United States, under the form of a twenty-nine years' lease, the port of Samana, for the purpose of a maritime establishment, and for the creation of a naval station over American colonists who should settle near this establishment.

The shores of this Bay of Samana, for some time past, as reported to Congress by the direction of the profile, are almost a desert, and are situated in the East, or rather by sea, making a journey across a country red less barren. The Dominican Government, in sacrificing a portion of its territory, to justify a demand so suspicious, would naturally awaken the attention of the English and French Governments, who alone, for several years, have effectually protected the Dominican Republic against an invasion from Hayti; Samana by its position threatens not only Porto Rico and Cuba, but also all the Antilles.

The Cazneau treaty, as signed, stipulates that the ratifications shall be exchanged at St. Domingo, within the period of ten months, or sooner if possible. But, to the great regret of the American negotiator should, therefore, have been made, because the Dominican Government, or rather the President, Santana, has refused to ratify it. Mr. Cazneau, who lacks a little of perfection in diplomatic matters, believed that he had only to have his treaty ratified here before its presentation to the Senate, and had no suspicion that it would carry miscarriage in St. Domingo during the interval. But the English and French agents exerted, for the sake of peace, an extra pressure on the President Santana. On the 13th of November; but as it was first proposed, Mr. Cazneau took to his bed, put on by his mettlesome yokefellow, and by his own orders, the American Consul, Mr. Schomburg, in Havana, addressed a letter, in the form of a protest against the interference of the French and English agents, of interfering in his affairs—exclusively American. The reply of the Dominican Government was not long coming; the French Consul, Mr. Raybaud, being present, the Dominican Government by a foreign naval officer, demanding an answer to the protest of Mr. Cazneau, threatening, an answer was returned, couched in words of strict compliance with international law.

Meanwhile, public opinion, quite favorable to the Treaty, took up the question, and it became decidedly hostile to it when the people understood that the Treaty granted a privilege almost sacred to the citizens of either party on the site of the navy yard, and an exemption from the local laws and customs, would be only a rule for the Dominican Republic, consisting of nineteen-twentieths of the population. People began to say that no treaty could be made to the country without real reciprocity, and that such reciprocity was impossible with the United States, because of their local laws and customs. They resented the exclusions, the contempt, and the insults, to which blacks and people of color were exposed, whatever be their fortune and personal merits.

Under these circumstances, the President sent the treaty to the Dominican Congress cooled down by these objections, which he urged it to adjourn the presentation, in the hope of seeing the text modified by Mr. Cazneau. His measures to effect this not having all the success which he desired, he sent on the 23d of November a very sharp note to the local Government, to compel this postponement. The Government answered, four days after, that it had only yielded to his importunity in presenting the Treaty to Congress immediately, and that, unless Mr. Cazneau should withdraw the treaty, it knew of no principle of international law which could forbid the presentation at that time. At the same time, it wrote a note to President Santana, who is a gentleman of color, requesting the withdrawal of the Treaty, which he regarded as another insult, and that he would take no part in the negotiation. He has sent, by a much better operator than Mr. Cazneau, Mr. Delmonte, to your Government, for instructions, and it is said, for full powers. General Santana, who has chased away the English and French agents, and who is well disposed towards your Government, and who has consulted, but more particularly of M. Raybaud, of France, and Mr. Schomburg, of England, has taken a fortnight's leave of absence, and not in his public character. Mr. Raybaud return to St. Domingo, with the idea of legalizing, merely as a friend, to protect the interests of his countrymen, or to trace, for a long period, between the two portions of the island. The draft of this treaty was not more than the imminence of an American establishment at Samana, which both the Haytien Government and people seem to regard as an act of hostility towards them.

The treaty will be submitted to-morrow to the consideration of the Dominican Congress, which will give its opinion after three readings, with which the laws of Santo Domingo require three readings. It is generally supposed that it will be rejected, unless Mr. Cazneau's text is changed to dispose of such persuasive means, if necessary, that the result on this subject no longer remains certain; still it is impossible to discover any trace of an understanding between the greater of the contracting parties. — X.