US/DR Newspaper Timeline
Letters from Port au Prince of the 1st inst. state that all the people of the North had submitted to the Republic, and but one government existed. President Boyer had arrived at the Cape.…
Since I last had the pleasure, in the month of January, Haiti was reposing in the sweet sleep of confidence and tranquility, and we all looked forward to a season of renewed life and prosperity in her affairs. This was but a deceitful calm …
Affairs in the Haytien Empire—Negro Respect for a Flag of Truce—To al Overthrow of the Black Troops under Pierot, &c. When I last had this pleasure, in the month of January, Haiti was reposing in the sweet sleep of profound and honorable pe…
This day March 14th, 1844, the members of the Commission appointed by J. Beuchot, the moment the Haytien flag was lowered, to treat with the Junta of the Dominican republic, and the officers appointed by General Cadet Pierre, the following …
The following letter, which the Journal of Commerce ascribes to an intelligent source at Port au Plata, Hayti, gives the most connected view of the recent events in that distracted island than we have elsewhere seen: "PORTO PLATA, MAY, 1844…
The Government of the 3d of May, at the head of which is General Philippe Guerrier, an old soldier of the first army, which, under Dessalines, achieved the independence of the country, has adopted moderate counsels, and evinces a most anxio…
The United States ship Vandalia, Commander JOHN S. CHAUNCEY, arrived at Pensacola, on the 12th ultimo, last from Port au Prince, via Aux Cayes, which latter port she left on the 12th ultimo. Though the island of St. Domingo is in a very uns…
An arrival from Hayti at Philadelphia brings intelligence to the 9th instant. In political affairs all was quiet. The Constituent Assembly had been dissolved. The project of dividing the Island into States was abandoned, and the Government …
Advices which have been received here go to show that the Haytians are making another great contest with the Dominicans, and that they are becoming tired of it. Against the Haytians, the blacks were always powerful and successful, by the ai…
Correspondence of the Tribune. WASHINGTON, Nov. 20, 1845. The comments which I thought it my duty to make on the proposed Annexation of this delightful island to the United States, seem to have attracted some general attention. As the subje…
Few of our readers are aware that a new Republic has been formed under this name in the island of St. Domingo. Yet such is the fact. Within two years past a revolution has been made, and successfully maintained against the negro government …
We have received from a friend in Washington two back Reports, relative to Mr. Hogan's Mission to the storied Island of St. Domingo. The Dominicans have applied to our Government for their Republic to be recognized as an Independent Nation.…
The late mission of the Hon. John Hogan, of Illinois, to the Island of St. Domingo, has been made the subject of comment in the public journals. Mr. Hogan is now here, and has made, or is about to make his report, on the subject of his miss…
MR. SLICER—Since the return of Mr. Hogan from his secret mission to St. Domingo, a strong disposition has been manifested to learn the result of his researches. The Washington correspondents of several northern papers, particularly of New-H…
There cannot be a doubt that, flushed with their success in the seizure and annexation of Texas, the southern slaveholding banditti are conspiring for the dismemberment of the Haytian republic in the first instance, and its subsequent absor…
There has been an arrival at New York from St. Domingo, bringing dates to the 22d November. A battle is reported to have taken place on the 27th of October, between the Dominican and Haytien armies. It commenced by attacking a fort, which t…
The cupidity of our slaveholding democracy, fattened on Texas, is already active to accomplish the acquisition of Cuba. Having at last in their hands, the 'valley of rascals,' an empty world, they burn to make the most of their opportunitie…
From the Boston Journal. HAYTI. MR. SLEEPER—Since the return of Mr. Hogan from his secret mission to St. Domingo, a strong disposition has been manifested to learn the real state of Hayti. The Washington correspondents of several northern j…
The New-York Express, edited by James Brooks, (formerly of Maine,) is one of the dirtiest, meanest and most villainous papers published in the nation. As a specimen of its villainous spirit, the following comments on the last letter publish…
The day before the Bridgewater sailed, news arrived at Cape Haytien that the people of St. Mark's and Port-au-Prince had revolted against President Perriot, and had refused to march against the Spanish part of the island; and that they had …
(From the New Orleans Bulletin, April 9.) The news from the city of Mexico is to the 21st of March. It is of no importance. The only thing of interest is the arrival at the city of Mexico of a messenger from his excellency the general in ch…
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*The Liberator* reported that the deck of the vessel *Esturra* carried destitute refugees—some formerly wealthy—who had fled following a political confrontation in Port-au-Prince. According to the account, a deputation of influential men questioned President Soulouque regarding the reigning constitution, and upon being told the 1816 constitution was in effect, Senator Celigne Ardoin asserted that Soulouque was not president. When immediate orders were given for his arrest, Ardoin drew a pistol and fired at Soulouque, though the shot missed its mark.
*The Liberator* reportó que sobre la cubierta del buque *Esturra* viajaban refugiados desamparados —algunos acomodados en el pasado— que huyeron a consecuencia de una refriega política en Puerto Príncipe. Según el relato, una comisión de personalidades interpeló al presidente Soulouque sobre el régimen constitucional imperante, y al responderles éste que regía la carta de 1816, el senador Céligny Ardouin replicó que Soulouque carecía de investidura presidencial. Al dictarse su inmediata detención, Ardouin extrajo una pistola y descerrajó un tiro contra Soulouque, sin acertar en el blanco.
ject of my first letter. But on arriving and making various inquiries, relative thereto, and after carefully looking over the state of the country, I was thoroughly satisfied of the perfectly tranquilized state of this city and its inhabita…
—The brig Stephen G. Ross, Capt. Winchester, arrived at New York on the 1st inst., from St. Domingo City, with dates to the 13th ultimo. President Soulouque was within 16 miles of the city, with an army of 30,000 well-disciplined troops. He…
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The *Daily National Intelligencer* reported that the Haitian army under President Soulouque was completely routed in the Dominican Republic, leaving behind numerous dead, artillery, munitions, and captured battle flags. Dominican forces recaptured Azua on April 21, with General Santana advancing across the border in aggressive pursuit. The report also reprinted a proclamation from Soulouque urging the eastern inhabitants to submit to the Haitian republic.
El *Daily National Intelligencer* informó que el ejército haitiano acaudillado por el presidente Soulouque sufrió una completa desbandada en la República Dominicana, abandonando cuantiosos caídos, piezas de artillería, pertrechos y estandartes tomados en combate. Las fuerzas dominicanas recuperaron Azua el 21 de abril, avanzando el general Santana a través de la frontera en decidida persecución. La reseña reprodujo asimismo una proclama de Soulouque exhortando a los habitantes del Este a someterse a la república de Haití.
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News from St. Domingo to the 17th reports that Soulouque and his Haitian army had encamped within a few miles of the city, where great sickness and many deaths were produced by their drinking water from a stream that had been poisoned by the Dominicans. The Dominicans then attacked them, killing a great many and taking many prisoners; Soulouque barely escaped capture, and his army was put to flight on the 21st.
Noticias de Santo Domingo hasta el día 17 informan que Soulouque y su ejército haitiano habían acampado a pocas millas de la ciudad, donde una gran enfermedad y muchas muertes fueron producidas por beber agua de un arroyo que había sido envenenado por los dominicanos. Los dominicanos los atacaron entonces, matando a muchos y tomando muchos prisioneros; Soulouque escapó por poco de ser capturado, y su ejército fue puesto en fuga el día 21.
—By the arrival of the schooner J. B. Lindsay, Capt. Hattaway, from St. Domingo city, which place she left on the 24th ult., we learn that another revolution had broken out, and that the army and navy had declared in favor of Gen. Santa Ann…
Intelligence from St. Domingo to the 25th ult., has been received. A revolution had broken out.—The troops and the navy had declared in favor of Gen. Santa Anna for President. The President Hernandes, met the troops on the outskirts of the …
We learn from Capt. Hathaway, of schr. L. B. Lindsey, from St. Domingo City, up to the 12th ult., that a revolution had broken out there. The troops and the navy had declared in favor of Gen. Santa Anna for President. The President, Hernann…
By the arrival of the schooner J. D. Lindsay, Captain Hathaway, from St. Domingo City, which place she left on the 25th ult., we learn that another revolution had broken out, and that the army and navy had declared in favor of General Santa…
By Captain McIntyre, of the schooner Enterprise, arrived on Monday night, in eleven days, from Cape Haytien, we have been furnished with the following items of news:— The Emperor of the Republic of Hayti had issued an edict, to take effect …
SummaryResumen
The newspaper reported that the Dominicans remained in a constant state of defense and uncertainty due to the apprehension of further invasion from the West End. It also noted the March arrival of the United States steamer *Vixen* at the city of St. Domingo, which was set to sail for Washington carrying U.S. chargé Mr. Green, a ten-ton solid mahogany altar sent by the Archbishop of St. Domingo to the Archbishop of Baltimore, and a painting by Murillo presented to the vessel's surgeon, Dr. Bell.
El periódico comunicó que los dominicanos se hallaban en perenne pie de alerta y zozobra ante el recelo de una nueva invasión desde el extremo occidental. Anotó asimismo la arribada en marzo del vapor estadounidense *Vixen* a la ciudad de Santo Domingo, dispuesto a zarpar rumbo a Washington conduciendo al encargado de negocios norteamericano, Sr. Green, un altar de caoba maciza de diez toneladas remitido por el arzobispo de Santo Domingo al arzobispo de Baltimore y un óleo de Murillo obsequiado al cirujano de a bordo, Dr. Bell.
[Correspondence of the Journal of Commerce.] Military Preparations in Hayti. PORT AU PRINCE, July —, 1850. The most prominent item of news, in public affairs here, for the last few months, is the rumor of another onset by Soulouque upon the…
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The newspaper reported that the country was tranquil and coffee was scarce. It also noted that the vessel *Lysander* brought a new ordinance, published at the Cape in the name of the emperor on January 22, which introduced important amendments to the customs law of 1828 regarding fixed duties, manifests, and consular certificates.
El periódico transmitió que el territorio permanecía sosegado y el grano de café escaseaba. Notificó además que el navío *Lysander* portó una flamante ordenanza promulgada en El Cabo a nombre del emperador con fecha 22 de enero, la cual introducía reformas sustanciales en la ley arancelaria de 1828 respecto a derechos fijos, sobordos y certificaciones consulares.
The Commissioners on Mexican Claims have this morning completed their awards. They amount to forty thousand dollars less than the sum appropriated to meet them, of one million and a quarter of dollars. Major Donelson publishes a letter in t…
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The *Wilmington Journal* reported on April 25, 1851, that because St. Domingo (the Dominican Republic) was unrecognized by the United States, it was regarded as a piratical government rather than a nation requiring an act of Congress for military action. The newspaper suggested that U.S. vessels fitted out at Norfolk and New York could join other American ships to demand redress from the "emperor" of Hayti or demolish his regime. Additionally, it noted rumors that expeditions from the Southern States purportedly bound for Cuba were likely intended to land on the Dominican part of the island to assist the Dominicans and revolutionize the social and political condition of the blacks.
El *Wilmington Journal* comunicó el 25 de abril de 1851 que, por carecer de reconocimiento oficial por parte de Estados Unidos, Santo Domingo (la República Dominicana) era conceptuado más bien como un gobierno pirático que como una nación formal que demandase una ley del Congreso para emprender acciones militares. La hoja apuntaba que buques de guerra estadounidenses alistados en Norfolk y Nueva York podrían concurrir con otras unidades navales para exigir satisfacciones al «emperador» de Haití o derribar su régimen. Recogía además comentarios de que expediciones armadas procedentes de los estados del Sur, supuestamente destinadas a Cuba, tendrían por objeto desembarcar en la parte dominicana para auxiliar a los naturales y trastocar el ordenamiento político y social de las poblaciones negras.
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The newspaper reported that after the expulsion of Boyer in 1843 and the accession of Gen. Riviere, the Dominicans seized an opportunity while the garrison was reduced to capture the remaining troops, proclaim a provisional independent government in early January 1844, and issue a revolutionary manifesto on January 16, 1844. It described the Dominican population as consisting of pure whites—who were the intellectually predominant and ruling class—and mixed races of various colors, all of whom were constitutionally declared equal citizens before the law. Additionally, the excerpt noted that Santana, the Dominican liberator and first President, resigned in 1848 and was succeeded by Jimenez, who was described as a traitor.
El periódico relató que tras el derrocamiento de Boyer en 1843 y la exaltación del general Rivière, los dominicanos aprovecharon la mengua de la guarnición para reducir a las tropas restantes, proclamar un gobierno provisional independiente a principios de enero de 1844 y promulgar una manifestación revolucionaria el 16 de enero de 1844. Describía a la población dominicana integrada por blancos puros —que constituían la clase intelectualmente rectora y gobernante— y razas mixtas de diversos matices, proclamados todos constitucionalmente ciudadanos iguales ante la ley. Añadía el extracto que Santana, libertador dominicano y primer presidente, renunció en 1848 y fue sucedido por Jimenes, a quien se tildaba de traidor.
—Some time in 1849, Mr. King, of Georgia, then a member of the House of Representatives, made a speech on the subject of the recognition of the independence of Hayti, in which he gave a brief history of the manner in which the Dominicans we…
SummaryResumen
According to *The New York Herald* on April 21, 1852, the Dominican Republic's leader awaited a response regarding French proposals while noting that American Chargé d'Affaires Mr. Green had been sent with full powers. The newspaper's correspondent stated that while the Dominican chief accused Mr. Green's mission of seeking annexation, the correspondent observed that Green never aimed for annexation during his stay. Additionally, the excerpt attributes Green's appointment to a Whig administration stratagem involving a political opponent's son, while also mentioning failed British intrigues and the Dominican Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dr. Caminero.
A tenor de *The New York Herald* del 21 de abril de 1852, el mandatario dominicano aguardaba respuesta a propuestas formuladas por Francia, observando que el encargado de negocios estadounidense, Sr. Green, había sido acreditado con plenos poderes. El corresponsal del diario señaló que, aunque el jefe dominicano imputaba a la misión de Green designios de anexión, jamás se advirtió en su gestión tal pretensión durante su estancia. El extracto atribuye la designación de Green a una estratagema del gobierno whig ligada al hijo de un rival político, aludiendo asimismo a intrigas británicas fallidas y a la intervención del ministro de Relaciones Exteriores dominicano, Dr. Caminero.
The latest news from Hayti is to the 20th ultimo. The Emperor Soulouque still refused to acknowledge the independence of the Dominican republic, and would not agree to an exchange of prisoners. He had threatened the messengers who went to P…
The fact is believed to be simply that the President was authorised in 1851 to negotiate for a loan, but that such a loan would require the sanction of the Legislature, and that it is doubtful if this could be obtained for anything like the…
I. [From the New York Herald of April 21, 1852.] OUR PORT-AU-PLAT CORRESPONDENCE. PORT-AU-PLAT, Dominican Republic, February, 1852. I have on former occasions addressed a word to you, to draw the attention of the public of the republic, res…
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The newspaper reported that correspondence between the State Department and its agent, Mr. Hubert M. Walsh, has been made public, clearly setting forth the administration's motives in offering its good offices to the Dominican Republic. According to the excerpt, the Spanish portion of St. Domingo voluntarily subjected itself to Hayti in 1821, but later established an independent republic out of self-preservation due to the invasion of their rights, liberties, and threats of extermination under Haytien rule. Although the negroes of Hayti regarded this separation as a revolt and attempted to reduce the Dominicans to subjection by force, all efforts by the Haytien government to reconquer the territory proved unequal.
El diario notificó que se dio a la estampa la correspondencia cursada entre el Departamento de Estado y su comisionado, Sr. Hubert M. Walsh, esclareciendo los móviles del gobierno al brindar sus buenos oficios a la República Dominicana. Según el extracto, la comarca española de Santo Domingo se acogió espontáneamente a Haití en 1821, pero constituyó luego una república independiente por imperativo de propia conservación ante la vulneración de sus prerrogativas, libertades y fundados temores de exterminio bajo el dominio haitiano. Pese a que los negros de Haití juzgaron dicha separación como sedición y procuraron someter por la fuerza a los dominicanos, cuantas tentativas desplegó el gobierno haitiano para reconquistar el suelo patrio resultaron estériles.
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The *Weekly National Intelligencer* described Dominican efforts following the February 1844 declaration of independence to obtain an official French protectorate at Samaná. Despite repeated Dominican overtures offering protectorate status, ownership, or complete sovereignty to France, King Louis Philippe and later the French Provisional Government declined to assume the role due to diplomatic concerns.
El *Weekly National Intelligencer* reseñó las gestiones entabladas por los dominicanos con posterioridad a la proclamación de independencia de febrero de 1844 para recabar de Francia un protectorado formal sobre Samaná. No obstante los reiterados ofrecimientos de los enviados dominicanos proponiendo la tutela, el dominio o la soberanía absoluta a Francia, el rey Luis Felipe primero y el Gobierno Provisional después declinaron asumir tal patronato en razón de compromisos diplomáticos.
From the Saturday Gazette. OUR NATIONAL REPUTATION. The United States is rapidly becoming the terror of the world. We are a nation of filibusters and colonizers of weaker nations, whose territories lie within range of our commerce or specul…
The December number, for January, 1853, will be the first of the forty-first volume of the Knickerbocker Magazine. Since the price of subscription has been reduced from five to three dollars a year, the circulation of the Knickerbocker has …
SummaryResumen
The newspaper reports that the U.S. government employed special agents, including Mr. Green (employed by Mr. Clayton) and Mr. M. Walsh (employed by Mr. Webster under the current Administration), as emissaries to St. Domingo. It notes that the Senate requested copies of Mr. Walsh's official correspondence, which was communicated on August 27 and subsequently published in the *New York Evening Post* on the 13th. The publication criticizes these missions as a discreditable violation of the administration's professions of non-intervention in the affairs of a people whose independence has not been recognized.
El rotativo consigna que el gobierno de Estados Unidos comisionó agentes confidenciales, entre ellos al Sr. Green (nombrado por el Sr. Clayton) y al Sr. Walsh (designado por el Sr. Webster bajo la actual administración), en calidad de emisarios ante Santo Domingo. Señala que el Senado demandó copias de la correspondencia oficial de Walsh, remitidas el 27 de agosto y divulgadas el día 13 en el *New York Evening Post*. La publicación censura estas misiones calificándolas de infracción censurable al principio de no injerencia proclamado por el ejecutivo respecto a un pueblo cuya independencia no había sido convalidada.
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The newspaper criticizes United States policy toward Hayti, attributing it to slavery-dominated diplomacy and the failure to recognize Hayti's independence. It reports that, following domestic interference and joint bullying with foreign governments, the French have taken possession of Samana as a naval station under the pretext of intervening for Dominica. The publication warns that this acquisition will allow France to monitor American commerce and facilitate hostile actions against the United States in the event of war.
El periódico desaprueba la directriz diplomática de Estados Unidos hacia Haití, imputándola a la servidumbre de intereses proesclavistas y al desconocimiento de su independencia. Afirma que, tras presiones conjuntas con gabinetes europeos e injerencias intestinas, los franceses tomaron posesión de Samaná a guisa de apostadero naval con la excusa de proteger a la República Dominicana. La publicación previene que dicho enclave consentirá a Francia vigilar las rutas mercantiles norteamericanas y propiciar acometidas bélicas contra Estados Unidos en coyunturas de guerra.
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The *Wilmington Journal* reported on December 24, 1852, that the Dominican Republic had long sought French protection and offered annexation, a step the current French Emperor was taking to secure a strategic point for monitoring American movements regarding Cuba under existing treaties. The newspaper contrasted the history of the former Spanish portion—which achieved independence without a servile insurrection and retained a white and mixed population superior in society and education—with the former French portion (Hayti), where a violent slave uprising had occurred.
El *Wilmington Journal* comunicó el 24 de diciembre de 1852 que la República Dominicana procuró largamente el patronato de Francia y propuso su anexión, resolución que el actual soberano galo aprovechaba para guarecer un apostadero estratégico desde el cual observar las maniobras norteamericanas respecto a Cuba al amparo de las convenciones vigentes. El diario contrastaba los antecedentes de la antigua sección española —que conquistó su autonomía sin insurrecciones de esclavos y preservó un vecindario blanco y mestizo más encumbrado en cultura y letras— con la antigua colonia francesa (Haití), teatro de un sangriento levantamiento servil.
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The *New-York Daily Tribune* reported on January 19, 1853, that a treaty with France involved aiding individuals to dismember Haytian territory and establish a new government through a revolutionary conspiracy. The article compared this French action to supporting South Carolina in seceding from the Federal Union and suggested that the Emperor of Hayti would be justified in considering the French debt cancelled if France does not disclaim the acts. Finally, the excerpt questions whether the Emperor of Hayti will dare to challenge Emperor Napoleon III and the power of France.
El *New-York Daily Tribune* denunció el 19 de enero de 1853 que un convenio suscrito con Francia implicaba cooperar con quienes desmembraron el suelo haitiano para erigir una nueva autoridad por vía de una sedición armada. El articulista equiparaba este proceder galo a un presunto respaldo a Carolina del Sur para segregarse de la Unión federal, sugiriendo que el mandatario de Haití tendría fundadas razones para declarar extinguida la deuda francesa si París no desautorizaba tales actuaciones. Concluía cuestionando si el soberano haitiano osaría desafiar al emperador Napoleón III y el poderío de Francia.
All the news from France seems to-day to confirm the story of the imperial programme announced in the Moniteur on the 1st of January. Indeed, the French have the few words uttered by the Emperor himself at the Tuileries on the 1st January, …
SummaryResumen
According to the *New-York daily tribune* on April 21, 1854, martial law was declared in Santiago following a conspiracy, with five ringleaders before the court and over forty persons under arrest. Meanwhile, the revision of the Dominican Constitution was completed, featuring an increased number of representatives and senators, the creation of a vice president, and changes reducing the naturalization time periods required for foreigners to become eligible as representatives and senators. Additionally, while the standard presidential and vice-presidential term was set at four years, actual President General Santana was granted two terms in office, allowing him to hold the chair until February 1861.
Con arreglo al *New-York daily tribune* del 21 de abril de 1854, se declaró el estado de sitio en Santiago a raíz de una conspiración, encausándose ante los jueces a cinco cabecillas y permaneciendo más de cuarenta sujetos en prisión. Entre tanto, concluyó la reforma de la Constitución dominicana, elevándose la representación en el cuerpo legislativo con mayor número de diputados y senadores, estableciéndose la magistratura de vicepresidente y abreviándose los plazos de avecindamiento para que los forasteros optasen a ser elegidos representantes y senadores. Asimismo, fijándose en cuatro años el mandato ordinario del presidente y vicepresidente, al actual mandatario, general Santana, se le concedieron dos períodos sucesivos, autorizándosele a regir la presidencia hasta febrero de 1861.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. The Evening Post, in an article so maliciously and contemptibly false that it could not possibly be written by a gentleman, and to which no gentleman would condescend a written answer, accuses me of pla…
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Based on the provided excerpt, the newspaper reported that after desisting in 1850 due to international interposition, an unspecified "savage despot" is making formidable preparations for another invasion of Dominica. The article argues that the United States must protect the Dominican Republic and defeat French annexation schemes, noting that France is allegedly intriguing for its conquest, interfering in its domestic affairs, and possibly holding the peninsula of Samaná. It further expresses approval that Mr. Douglas has introduced a matter to the Senate to inquire about recognizing Dominica's independence and opening diplomatic intercourse.
Conforme al fragmento inserto, el rotativo denunció que, tras contenerse en 1850 merced a la mediación de las potencias, un «tirano despótico» promovía considerables aprestos bélicos con el propósito de consumar una nueva invasión contra la República Dominicana. El artículo exhortaba a Estados Unidos a tutelar a los dominicanos y desbaratar las ambiciones anexionistas de Francia, aseverando que ésta conspiraba para sojuzgar el país, se inmiscuía en su política interna y retenía potencialmente la península de Samaná. Aplaude además la iniciativa presentada en el Senado por el legislador Douglas para dilucidar el reconocimiento de la independencia dominicana y el establecimiento formal de relaciones diplomáticas.
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The June 9, 1854 *New York Herald* reports that the Dominican people are brave, orderly, and progressive, having successfully sustained their independence since 1844 by winning every battle against the Haytiens despite great odds, such as at the battle of Las Carreras where Santana defeated Faustin. The article states that Haytien emissaries attempted to incite colored Dominicans to murder whites and believe false rumors that Americans were coming to enslave them. Furthermore, the newspaper criticizes an American journal (the *Post*) for presenting cases in a way that incites insurrection among blacks while defending Hayti's destructive actions.
El ejemplar del 9 de junio de 1854 de *The New York Herald* refiere que el pueblo dominicano es valiente, ordenado y progresista, habiendo sostenido con éxito su independencia desde 1844 al salir victorioso en todas las batallas libradas contra los haitianos pese a la disparidad numérica, como en la batalla de Las Carreras, donde Santana derrotó a Faustino. El artículo señala que emisarios haitianos intentaron incitar a los dominicanos de color a dar muerte a los blancos y dar crédito al falso rumor de que los estadounidenses venían a esclavizarlos. Asimismo, el periódico censura a un diario norteamericano (el *Post*) por exponer los hechos de un modo que atizaba la insurrección de los negros mientras disculpaba los desmanes destructivos de Haití.
It would hardly seem possible to deny, in a formal manner, the ridiculous stories put in circulation by the New York Evening Post respecting Gen. Cazneau's mission last winter to St. Domingo. His honorable career as a public officer, his hi…
It was hardly worth the trouble to deny, in a formal manner, the ridiculous stories put in circulation by the New York Evening Post respecting Gen. Cazneau's business last winter in St. Domingo. His honorable career as a [illegible] of thei…
From the New York Tribune. PIERCE'S DIPLOMACY IN DOMINICA. We have received some curious and interesting intelligence of a late date from St. Domingo city. It seems that, by management, underhandedness, and the conjugal representations of M…
SummaryResumen
Based on the provided excerpt, the newspaper reported that the Dominican legislature prevented the ratification of a thirty-article treaty of amity, commerce, and navigation due to concerns that a clause regarding the legal rights of mulatto citizens was too vague, while the U.S. commissioner refused a proposed amendment. Additionally, the excerpt noted the presence of four French warships in the port of St. Domingo and the expected arrival of an English fleet supposedly to prevent the treaty's final ratification.
A partir del fragmento publicado, el rotativo informó que el Congreso dominicano frenó la ratificación de un tratado de treinta artículos de amistad, comercio y navegación por juzgar ambigua una cláusula sobre los derechos civiles de los ciudadanos mulatos, habiendo rehusado el comisionado estadounidense la enmienda propuesta. Se reseñaba asimismo la permanencia de cuatro buques de guerra franceses en el puerto de Santo Domingo y la inminente llegada de una escuadra británica con el fin aparente de impedir la convalidación definitiva del pacto.
The Government Blockade by French and English War Steamers—The Disaffirmance of the Encroachment—Grand Political Stroke of the Associated Soulouque—Louis Napoleon and Padre Higue—How Santana Outwitted, and the Americans Hatted—The Treaty Ne…
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According to the excerpt, United States commissioner Gen. C.eneae addressed a strong protest to the French and English consuls at St. Domingo regarding the presence of several French and English vessels of war. The commissioner stated that the agents of these two governments used an armed force display to overawe and control the Dominican Republic, and he protested this action as a breach of honorable faith and an encroachment upon the sovereign rights of an independent American power.
Conforme al fragmento, el enviado de Estados Unidos, general Cazneau [consignado como C.eneae], libró una formal protesta a los cónsules francés y británico en Santo Domingo ante la estancia de varias naves de guerra de sus naciones. El comisionado imputaba a dichos agentes valerse de una ostentación armada para intimidar y dominar a la República Dominicana, protestando contra semejante proceder por constituir quebranto a la lealtad internacional y atropello a las prerrogativas soberanas de una potencia americana independiente.
SummaryResumen
A correspondent's letter from the City of Santo Domingo describes a military commission that sentenced General Pelletier, General Aybar, Francisco Ruiz and others accused of conspiracy to death, with others sentenced to expatriation, imprisonment or banishment. After the condemned men's children pleaded for grace, the prisoners were led to the execution ground on May 21, knelt while their sentence was read and faced the firing party, until General Santana cried halt and had a pardon for the three read aloud; Ruiz rose from his knees having lost his reason under the horror. The letter adds that the pardoned men received passports to leave the country and that upwards of fifty individuals were banished, including women and children and the sisters of ex-President Baez.
La carta de un corresponsal desde la ciudad de Santo Domingo describe una comisión militar que condenó a muerte al general Pelletier, al general Aybar, a Francisco Ruiz y a otros acusados de conspiración, mientras otros fueron condenados a expatriación, prisión o destierro. Después de que los hijos de los condenados suplicaran gracia, los prisioneros fueron llevados al lugar de ejecución el 21 de mayo, se arrodillaron mientras se leía su sentencia y quedaron frente al pelotón de fusilamiento, hasta que el general Santana gritó alto e hizo leer en voz alta un indulto para los tres; Ruiz se levantó de rodillas habiendo perdido la razón por el horror. La carta añade que los indultados recibieron pasaportes para salir del país y que más de cincuenta personas fueron desterradas, incluidas mujeres y niños y las hermanas del expresidente Báez.
SummaryResumen
The newspaper reported that the Dominican government discovered and crushed a revolutionary plot, but French and English consuls protected the conspirators from punishment by granting them asylum and refusing Dominican demands for their trial. The article claimed that England and France are usurping territory and violating neutrality laws near American trade routes, and it urged Congress to repeal the neutrality laws of 1818 regarding these powers until they evacuate their usurpations on American soil.
El periódico comunicó que el gobierno dominicano desarticuló una conjura sediciosa, pero los cónsules francés e inglés sustrajeron a los inculpados de la vindicta pública concediéndoles asilo y desatendiendo las reclamaciones de los tribunales patrios para procesarlos. El artículo imputaba a Inglaterra y Francia usurpar territorios y conculcar las leyes de neutralidad en proximidad a las rutas comerciales norteamericanas, exhortando al Congreso a revocar las leyes de neutralidad de 1818 para dichas potencias mientras no desalojaran sus enclaves en el hemisferio.
The anti-American journals of Europe have largely occupied themselves, in concert with their faithful allies—the disunion press of this country—in misrepresenting the motives and circumstances of the treaty which I had concluded with the Do…
We have advices from Port au Prince to the 14th and from St. Domingo City to the 5th ult. Our correspondent at the first named place gives a retrospective summary of the governors who ruled and the policy which prevailed on the island anter…
—The people of Europe are beginning to see more and more clearly the evils and dangers of large standing armies. Even the press is beginning to speak out. The recent coup d'etat in Spain for the overthrow of constitutional government is ala…
SummaryResumen
A letter received from Port au Platte reported that a Dominican war schooner arrived from the capital with news that St. Domingo city was in a state of revolution over a treaty with Old Spain. According to the report, the treaty's seventh article favored Spanish descendants becoming Spanish citizens, prompting thousands to register with the Spanish Consuls to hoist the Spanish flag again, while the President and his cabinet wished to resign, tribunals closed, and business was suspended. Additionally, the letter stated that the Spanish Consul was actively working to prevent the ratification of the American treaty and opposing the American consul.
Despachos llegados de Puerto Plata referían que una goleta armada arribó desde la capital participando que la ciudad de Santo Domingo se encontraba conmocionada a raíz de un tratado con España. Según el parte, el artículo séptimo del convenio favorecía que los descendientes españoles adoptasen la ciudadanía hispana, induciendo a millares de sujetos a matricularse ante el consulado peninsular para izar de nuevo el pabellón español, al tiempo que el presidente y su gabinete se disponían a renunciar, los juzgados cerraban y cesaba el giro mercantil. Añadía que el cónsul español maniobraba resueltamente para desbaratar la ratificación del tratado norteamericano, contrariando al cónsul de Estados Unidos.
I write you under circumstances very dull for this republic. We are on the eve of a political hurricane; and I use this Indian word in this case, because it means wind from the four points, and the revolution which we expect every moment, w…
SummaryResumen
Based on a letter from the schooner *Marietta Smith* arriving from Port-au-Platt, *The Daily Union* reported on August 20, 1856, that a revolution had broken out in the capital of the Dominican Republic following a treaty with Old Spain. The treaty's 11th article allowed Spanish descendants to become Spanish citizens, leading thousands of citizens and soldiers to register with Spanish consuls, which caused the suspension of business, the closure of tribunals, and the intended resignation of the President and his cabinet. Additionally, a city newspaper editor shot a Spaniard in broad daylight over a political dispute and escaped, prompting the Spanish consul to offer a $5,000 reward for his capture.
Con base en una epístola conducida por la goleta *Marietta Smith* desde Puerto Plata, *The Daily Union* dio a conocer el 20 de agosto de 1856 que una revolución estalló en la capital dominicana a raíz del tratado con España. La cláusula undécima facultaba a los descendientes de españoles a recobrar la nacionalidad de sus mayores, empujando a millares de ciudadanos y tropa a inscribirse ante los cónsules hispanos, lo que ocasionó el cese de transacciones, la clausura de audiencias judiciales y la dimisión del presidente y su ministerio. Un redactor periodístico hirió de muerte a tiros a un peninsular a plena luz del día por motivos de facción dándose a la fuga, ofreciendo el cónsul español 5.000 duros de recompensa por su captura.
SummaryResumen
The *Houma Ceres* reported that Spanish agent Segovia, backed by Spanish naval vessels and French diplomatic support, forced the Dominican government to recall a treaty pending in Washington. Segovia compelled President Santana to resign in favor of Buenaventura Báez and replaced pro-American cabinet members with his own allies. The report warned that Segovia was registering Dominicans as Spanish subjects to bring the entire island under Spanish rule and exclude American influence.
El *Houma Ceres* informó que el agente español Segovia, respaldado por buques de guerra hispanos y el concurso diplomático francés, forzó al gobierno dominicano a retirar un tratado pendiente de ratificación en Washington. Segovia conminó al presidente Santana a dimitir en favor de Buenaventura Báez y sustituyó a los secretarios proclives a Estados Unidos por adictos a su causa. La noticia alertaba de que Segovia matriculaba a ciudadanos dominicanos como súbditos de la corona española con la mira de reincorporar toda la isla a la dominación de España y proscribir el predicamento norteamericano.
The U. S. mail steamship Black Warrior, Capt. J. W. Smith, arrived at her wharf Wednesday evening last, and brings the following late Havana news: The Black Warrior reports that the Spanish brig-of-war Habanero, with six thousand stand of a…
SummaryResumen
During March, the American schooner *Charles Hill*, commanded by Captain Smith, collided with a Dominican packet, leading to the captain's imprisonment in San Domingo for failing to pay a $3,000 fine for willful damage. Captain Smith has abandoned his schooner to the government, prompting a correspondent in San Domingo City to demand redress from the Cabinet at Washington. Additionally, the excerpt briefly notes that no further outbreaks occurred yesterday following an incident where individuals arriving at a location found only a doorman.
En el curso de marzo, la goleta estadounidense *Charles Hill*, a órdenes del capitán Smith, colisionó con un paquebote dominicano, motivando la prisión del patrón en Santo Domingo por omitir el pago de una indemnización de 3.000 pesos fijada por perjuicios intencionados. El capitán Smith desamparó su embarcación dejándola en manos del fisco dominicano, induciendo a un corresponsal en la capital a clamar desagravio ante el gabinete de Washington. El suelto añadía sucintamente que no se registraron nuevas alteraciones en la víspera tras un incidente donde varios sujetos acudieron a un paraje hallando únicamente a un portero.
—A private letter, dated Porto Plata, July 20th, which is published in the Turks Island Standard of August 1st, gives the principal cause of the revolution which has recently broken out in the Dominican republic as an attempt made by the go…
SummaryResumen
The newspaper reported that after the arrival of reinforcements and a subsequent battle, General Puello was taken prisoner and a colonel reportedly killed himself to avoid the same fate, while the provisional government offered pardons to partisans of President Baez. According to the correspondence, President Baez was obliged to leave St. Domingo, and the provisional government was selecting a competent chief, though letters from Port-au-Prince also noted that the insurgents appealed to Emperor Faustin for aid and sought annexation to the empire of Hayti.
El periódico dio a conocer que, tras confluir refuerzos y librarse una refriega, el general Puello cayó prisionero y un coronel se quitó la vida para no sufrir igual suerte, en tanto el gobierno provisional extendía el indulto a los adeptos al presidente Báez. Conforme a la correspondencia, el mandatario Báez se vio obligado a desamparar Santo Domingo, abocándose el gobierno provisorio a elegir un jefe idóneo, si bien epístolas remitidas desde Puerto Príncipe advertían que los insurrectos imploraron socorro al emperador Faustino demandando la incorporación al Imperio de Haití.
The first of the series appeared in the Intelligencer of Thursday last; the second is given to-day. THE REVOLUTION IN ST. DOMINGO. A vessel arrived at New York from Turk’s Island brings some interesting details of the progress of the revolu…
We have received files of the St. Christopher Gazette to the 28th ult., containing interesting details of the revolution now in progress in the Dominican republic of St. Domingo, to remove President Baez and restore Santana. The Baez party,…
SummaryResumen
The *New York Herald* reported that an expedition of 1,000 men was marching against Samaná, the last location holding out for Báez, while business in Port au Plata and Santiago remained safe despite all provincial military forces being under arms. The Cibao government sought to purchase two small clipper schooners and other armaments, including an 18-inch mortar, to blockade Santo Domingo. Additionally, the newspaper noted local astonishment that the U.S. government had not sent a warship to demand satisfaction regarding the seizure of the American schooner *Charles Hill* by Báez.
El *New York Herald* notificó que una columna de mil hombres marchaba sobre Samaná, último reducto que sostenía la causa de Báez, mientras el comercio en Puerto Plata y Santiago proseguía a salvo pese a permanecer sobre las armas todas las milicias provinciales. El gobierno del Cibao procuraba adquirir dos goletas de casco fino y otros pertrechos, comprendido un mortero de dieciocho pulgadas, para estrechar el bloqueo sobre Santo Domingo. El diario hacía constar la sorpresa de los pobladores ante la omisión del gobierno de Washington de comisionar un buque de guerra para reclamar reparaciones por el embargo de la goleta estadounidense *Charles Hill* dispuesto por Báez.
SummaryResumen
General Santana, the ex-President of San Domingo, was brought from the province of [illegible] to Domingo city and imprisoned on a charge of conspiracy against the government of President Paez [Baez].
El general Santana, expresidente de Santo Domingo, fue conducido desde la provincia de [ilegible] a la capital y reducido a prisión bajo el cargo de conspirar contra el régimen del mandatario Báez [consignado como Paez].
In Santo Domingo the troops of the province of Cibao entered Azua, while on the march towards the South, for the purpose of joining their forces with those of a neighboring State that had also declared in favor of the insurgents. Although i…
THE BAEZ PARTY REDUCED TO THE LAST STRAITS—POSITION OF HIS FORCES AT SAN DOMINGO CITY AND SAMANA—WANT OF PROVISIONS—GENERAL PALMANAT AT POINT DE SAMANA—NAVAL NEWS—GERMAN IMMIGRANTS DYING OF HUNGER, ETC. By the schooner Brenton, from Puerto …
By the schooner Brentea, from Puerto Plata, we have received files of the Gaceta Oficial of the Dominican republic to the 31st January, and a letter from our correspondent at St. Jago de los Caballeros, the provisional seat of government. O…
SummaryResumen
The editorial looks back on the eleven-month civil war just ended in the Republic of San Domingo, describing it as largely a geographical contest between the northern and southern sections, led by the rival cities of Santiago and San Domingo under Pedro Santana. It sketches the two cities and the republic's history: independence declared in 1821, twenty-two years united with Haiti under Boyer, the proclamation of the Dominican Republic in 1844, Haitian invasions beaten back by Santana, who received the title of Liberator, and the dissatisfaction that followed under President Jimenez.
El editorial repasa la guerra civil de once meses que acaba de terminar en la República de Santo Domingo, describiéndola como en gran parte una contienda geográfica entre las secciones norte y sur, encabezada por las ciudades rivales de Santiago y Santo Domingo bajo Pedro Santana. Esboza las dos ciudades y la historia de la república: la independencia declarada en 1821, veintidós años unida a Haití bajo Boyer, la proclamación de la República Dominicana en 1844, las invasiones haitianas rechazadas por Santana, quien recibió el título de Libertador, y el descontento que siguió bajo el presidente Jiménez.
SummaryResumen
According to the newspaper, the U.S. steamer *Colorado* brought news that President Báez of the Dominican Republic capitulated to Santana and was scheduled to leave for Curaçao on the 17th, with most of his adherents having departed the day before. General Santana assured Cora McIntosh of protection for American citizens and expressed a desire to maintain amicable relations with the U.S. government. Additionally, it was reported that the commodore succeeded in obtaining all the documents from President Báez for which he had been sent.
Según el rotativo, el vapor de guerra estadounidense *Colorado* trajo partes de que el presidente Báez capituló ante Santana y debía salir para Curazao el 17, habiendo zarpado la mayor parte de sus partidarios en la víspera. El general Santana ofreció al comodoro McIntosh [nombrado erróneamente Cora] plenas garantías para los ciudadanos estadounidenses y manifestó su anhelo de sostener lazos fraternales con el gobierno de Washington. Trascendió asimismo que el comodoro logró hacerse con todos los pliegos del presidente Báez encomendados a su cometido.
SummaryResumen
The *New-York daily tribune* reported that Baez has been overthrown and Santana has taken power in the Republic of Dominica. While Southern journals view this as a triumph of the white over the black race and urge the U.S. government to formally recognize the Dominican Republic, the newspaper supports recognition regardless of racial distinctions. However, the publication questions whether the U.S. government and its Washington court circle would tolerate diplomats or future presidents of darker complexions in a country where the vast majority of the population is of African lineage.
El *New-York daily tribune* notificó que Báez fue derribado y Santana asumió el timón de la República Dominicana. Si bien los periódicos sudistas conciben esta mutación como un triunfo de la raza blanca sobre la de color e instan a Washington a convalidar a la república, la publicación respalda el reconocimiento con prescindencia de castas. Con todo, la hoja se pregunta si el gabinete estadounidense y las tertulias de Washington consentirían a diplomáticos o futuros mandatarios de tez morena oriundos de una nación cuya gran mayoría desciende de linaje africano.
SummaryResumen
The *Wilmington Journal* reviewed the history of Hispaniola, explaining the division between the western French colony of Haiti and the eastern Spanish colony of Santo Domingo. It recounted that Santo Domingo declared independence in 1821, was subjugated by Haiti, and subsequently expelled Haitian forces in 1844 to establish a republic under General Santana. The article noted ongoing tensions between the two governments and criticized the political instability of the region.
El *Wilmington Journal* repasó los anales de La Española, dilucidando la partición entre la antigua colonia francesa occidental de Haití y la demarcación hispana oriental de Santo Domingo. Rememoró que Santo Domingo proclamó su independencia en 1821, fue sojuzgado por Haití y expulsó finalmente a las tropas haitianas en 1844 para erigir una república acaudillada por el general Santana. El escrito destacaba las continuas tiranteces sostenidas entre ambos regímenes y afeaba la crónica inestabilidad política de la zona.
Pork was in moderately active demand, and about 1,100 barrels were sold, at $17 87 1/2 a $18 for old mess, and $18 25 for new mess. Tallow was steady, with sales of 30,000 lbs. at 10 1/4c. Lard was unchanged, with sales of 250 barrels at 11…
SummaryResumen
Based on the provided excerpt, a letter from Hayti published in the *Journal du Havre* contradicts reports of a declaration from Emperor Soulouque, though the Dominican nation remains ready to resist any potential invasion while its country is tranquil and preparing for a January 1 presidential election. The article notes that General Geffrard's reported successful insurrection could open a new chapter in the island's wars, and provides geographic and demographic statistics for the island, which is divided between Hayti and the Dominican republic. Additionally, it describes the island's capital, military forces, climate, and soil, noting that productiveness has declined due to corrupt rule.
A tenor del fragmento reproducido, una correspondencia procedente de Haití inserta en el *Journal du Havre* desmiente la versión de un bando atribuido al emperador Soulouque, persistiendo la nación dominicana en firme apresto para rechazar cualquier intento de invasión, al tiempo que el país goza de sosiego y se prepara para los comicios presidenciales del 1 de enero. El suelto apunta que el triunfo insurreccional del general Geffrard podría abrir una nueva etapa en las guerras de la isla, consignando cifras demográficas y geográficas de la partición territorial entre Haití y la República Dominicana. Describe finalmente la capital insular, su fuerza militar, el clima y los suelos, haciendo notar que la fecundidad de la tierra había decaído bajo gobiernos viciados.
SummaryResumen
According to *The Liberator*, an insurrection is underway in Hayti, with General Goffard—who entered the city with four men—gaining support across Aux Cayes, Jacmel, and the South, while St. Marks was seen in flames following likely divisions among its inhabitants. Quoting the *New York Herald*, the newspaper reports that the island spans 29,000 square miles, divided between the empire of Hayti (population 650,000; army of 20,000; plus a navy of four small vessels and one steamer) and the Dominican republic (population 150,000, with an army of 12,000), noting that the island's productiveness has declined under corrupt rule despite its rich soil and delightful climate.
Según *The Liberator*, una insurrección está en marcha en Haití, en la que el general Goffard —quien entró a la ciudad con cuatro hombres— va ganando apoyo en Aux Cayes, Jacmel y el Sur, mientras que Saint-Marc se vio en llamas tras probables divisiones entre sus habitantes. Citando a *The New York Herald*, el periódico informa que la isla abarca 29.000 millas cuadradas, divididas entre el imperio de Haití (población de 650.000 habitantes; ejército de 20.000 soldados; además de una armada de cuatro embarcaciones pequeñas y un vapor) y la República Dominicana (población de 150.000 habitantes, con un ejército de 12.000 hombres), señalando que la productividad de la isla ha disminuido bajo un gobierno corrupto a pesar de su suelo fértil y su clima agradable.
SummaryResumen
The New York Herald reported that the finances and paper money of the Dominican Republic were entirely ruined and foreign loans impossible, leading to the expectation that Samana might negotiate a new treaty with the United States to fill its treasury. The newspaper noted that General Cazneau hastened to St. Domingo upon news of his election to power in the United States, pointing to his presence as significant.
*The New York Herald* informó que las finanzas y el papel moneda de la República Dominicana estaban completamente arruinados y que los préstamos extranjeros eran imposibles, lo que generaba la expectativa de que Samaná pudiera negociar un nuevo tratado con los Estados Unidos para llenar sus arcas. El periódico señaló que el general Cazneau se apresuró a viajar a Santo Domingo tras conocerse la noticia de su elección al poder en los Estados Unidos, destacando su presencia como significativa.
SummaryResumen
Based on the provided newspaper excerpt, the correspondent in Puerto Plata reports that the Dominican government is in a bankrupt state amidst rumors of another revolution, which has led President Santana to expel four or five involved parties. A Danish war steamer, the *Heimdal*, is stationed at St. Domingo city to settle a claim against the government regarding the capture of the *J. A. Baez*, prompting officials to propose leaving the question to a foreign nation for settlement. Additionally, the Haytians have sent a commission to propose a five-year treaty and settle previous hostilities, which public opinion expects the Dominicans to accept.
A partir del extracto periodístico facilitado, el corresponsal en Puerto Plata informa que el gobierno dominicano se encuentra en estado de bancarrota en medio de rumores de otra revolución, lo que ha llevado al presidente Santana a expulsar a cuatro o cinco partes implicadas. Un vapor de guerra danés, el *Heimdal*, se encuentra apostado en la ciudad de Santo Domingo para resolver una reclamación contra el gobierno referente a la captura del *J. A. Baez*, lo que llevó a los funcionarios a proponer someter el asunto al arbitraje de una nación extranjera. Además, los haitianos han enviado una comisión para proponer un tratado de cinco años y poner fin a las hostilidades anteriores, el cual la opinión pública espera que los dominicanos acepten.
SummaryResumen
The *Richmond Enquirer* reported that Dominican President Santana offered arbitration regarding indemnity for the seizure of two Danish vessels, but the Danish functionary declined, threatened a blockade within twenty-four hours, and prompted the Dominicans to prepare for war. Additionally, private advices from Washington stated that the French commander had previously demanded the concession of all Dominican gold, silver, copper, and coal mines, and that Santana might dispatch a commissioner to the United States to grant privateer commissions.
El *Richmond Enquirer* informó que el presidente dominicano Santana ofreció someter a arbitraje la indemnización por la incautación de dos buques daneses, pero el funcionario danés declinó, amenazó con un bloqueo en un plazo de veinticuatro horas y provocó que los dominicanos se prepararan para la guerra. Además, informes privados procedentes de Washington señalaban que el comandante francés había exigido con anterioridad la concesión de todas las minas dominicanas de oro, plata, cobre y carbón, y que Santana podría despachar a un comisionado a los Estados Unidos para otorgar patentes de corso.
SummaryResumen
A Danish envoy arriving in a war vessel peremptorily demanded $150,000 as indemnity for two Danish vessels seized by President Baez, refusing President Santana's offer of arbitration and threatening a blockade within twenty-four hours. In response, the Dominicans chose war and began manning their batteries. Additionally, private advices noted that the French commander and authorities in port had previously demanded a concession of all the gold, silver, copper, and gold mines of the Dominican Republic.
Un enviado danés que llegó en un buque de guerra exigió perentoriamente 150.000 dólares como indemnización por dos buques daneses incautados por el presidente Báez, rechazando la oferta de arbitraje del presidente Santana y amenazando con un bloqueo en un plazo de veinticuatro horas. En respuesta, los dominicanos optaron por la guerra y comenzaron a artillar sus baterías. Además, informes privados señalaron que el comandante francés y las autoridades en puerto habían exigido previamente la concesión de todas las minas de oro, plata y cobre de la República Dominicana.
AT GONAIVES. My last letter, I believe, descriptive of the country, left me, knapsack on back, tired and indisposed to walk, at a distance of several leagues from this ancient town. The hour was sunset—a season here of truly celestial splen…
SummaryResumen
The newspaper reported that claims by American citizens were awaiting settlement as the Dominican administration awaited improved financial conditions following the maladministration of Baez. It also noted that President Santana had returned from Leybo on the 12th ult. in renewed health, heavy rains had damaged corn and rice crops, and Vice President General Abel Alfau had arrived from Azua on the 16th inst. after quelling a pro-Haiti revolution.
El periódico informó que las reclamaciones de ciudadanos estadounidenses estaban pendientes de liquidación mientras la administración dominicana aguardaba a que mejoraran las condiciones financieras tras la mala administración de Báez. También señaló que el presidente Santana había regresado de El Seibo el 12 del mes pasado con la salud restablecida, que las intensas lluvias habían dañado las cosechas de maíz y arroz, y que el vicepresidente, general Abel Alfau, había llegado de Azua el 16 del mes corriente tras sofocar una revolución prohaitiana.
SummaryResumen
The Dominican Senate requested the President to demand explanations and immediate reparation from Venezuela regarding the shooting of several Dominicans, warning that recourse would otherwise be taken. The President replied that no expostulations or reprisals were warranted because the individuals had abandoned their nationality and entered the enemy's ranks, noting further that letters from Venezuela asserted those men had actually been killed in battle rather than executed. Additionally, the press advocated for establishing a bank to suppress paper money, and the value of the gold ounce was fixed at 4,000 national dollars.
El Senado dominicano solicitó al presidente que exigiera explicaciones y reparación inmediata a Venezuela con respecto al fusilamiento de varios dominicanos, advirtiendo que de lo contrario se recurriría a otras medidas. El presidente respondió que no se justificaban protestas ni represalias dado que tales individuos habían renunciado a su nacionalidad y se habían sumado a las filas enemigas, señalando además que cartas procedentes de Venezuela aseguraban que esos hombres en realidad habían muerto en combate y no fusilados. Por otra parte, la prensa abogó por la fundación de un banco para retirar el papel moneda, y el valor de la onza de oro se fijó en 4.000 pesos nacionales.
SummaryResumen
The *New York Herald* reported on March 30, 1861, that the Spanish steam frigate *Blanca* departed Havana for St. Domingo carrying troops, sailors, and marines to enforce Spanish policy and overcome any opposition from the government or people of the Dominican Republic. It further noted that the Spanish steam frigates *Barenguela* and *Petronila* were also scheduled to leave for the same destination with war fittings, munitions, and army troops to compel respect for Spanish power and dictation.
*The New York Herald* informó el 30 de marzo de 1861 que la fragata de vapor española *Blanca* zarpó de La Habana rumbo a Santo Domingo con tropas, marineros e infantes de marina para imponer la política española y doblegar cualquier resistencia del gobierno o del pueblo de la República Dominicana. Señaló además que las fragatas de vapor españolas *Barenguela* y *Petronila* también tenían previsto partir hacia el mismo destino con pertrechos de guerra, municiones y tropas del ejército para obligar al acatamiento del poder y los dictados españoles.
SummaryResumen
Following years of division and subsequent unification under Boyer, the Dominican population rose in insurrection against Haytian ascendancy and chose Pedro Santana as president. After Santana's term expired in 1849, Jimenes was elected Chief Magistrate while Santana was banished due to suspicions of intriguing with Madrid; however, Jimenes soon conspired with Hayti's Emperor Soulouque to unite the island, prompting the Dominicans to recall Santana from exile and invest him with dictatorial power.
Tras años de división y la subsiguiente unificación bajo Boyer, la población dominicana se alzó en insurrección contra el predominio haitiano y eligió a Pedro Santana como presidente. Al concluir el mandato de Santana en 1849, Jimenes fue elegido primer mandatario mientras que Santana fue desterrado por sospechas de intrigas con Madrid; sin embargo, Jimenes pronto conspiró con el emperador Soulouque de Haití para unificar la isla, lo que impulsó a los dominicanos a llamar a Santana del exilio e investirlo de poderes dictatoriales.
SummaryResumen
According to *The National Republican* on April 5, 1861, Spain sent a representative to the Dominican Republic, while Santana's policies fueled opposition by provoking claims that he was selling the country to whites. Santana sought foreign aid to secure his government's perpetuity and repay a loan, which he used to counter the ongoing intrigues of the opposition and the exiled Baez. Additionally, the newspaper noted Mr. Redpath's view that suggestions of a French reconquest of Hayti are absurd and could harm efforts to colonize Hayti with colored Americans, noting that France has recognized Hayti's independence and draws revenue from it.
Según *The National Republican* del 5 de abril de 1861, España envió un representante a la República Dominicana, mientras que las políticas de Santana alimentaban a la oposición al suscitar acusaciones de que estaba vendiendo el país a los blancos. Santana buscó ayuda extranjera para asegurar la permanencia de su gobierno y pagar un préstamo, el cual empleó para contrarrestar las continuas intrigas de la oposición y del desterrado Báez. Además, el periódico consignó la opinión del Sr. Redpath de que las insinuaciones de una reconquista francesa de Haití eran absurdas y podían perjudicar las gestiones para colonizar Haití con afroestadounidenses, destacando que Francia había reconocido la independencia haitiana y obtenía rentas de ella.
SummaryResumen
According to the *Chicago Daily Tribune* on April 6, 1861, Santana failed in his desperate effort to induce white emigration from the United States despite the support of U.S. consuls. The newspaper reported that Santana previously borrowed a million dollars from Spain, and failing to repay it, offered a mortgage on the Custom House, resulting in a small band of Spaniards arriving at St. Domingo to act as collectors and mechanics. This policy fueled the opposition by prompting claims that he was "selling the country to the whites," leading to revolutionary circulars and proclamations as early as last December.
Según el *Chicago Daily Tribune* del 6 de abril de 1861, Santana fracasó en su desesperado intento de promover la emigración de personas blancas procedentes de los Estados Unidos, a pesar del respaldo de los cónsules estadounidenses. El periódico informó que Santana había tomado prestado previamente un millón de dólares de España y, al no poder devolverlo, ofreció una hipoteca sobre las aduanas, lo que resultó en la llegada a Santo Domingo de una pequeña partida de españoles para desempeñarse como recaudadores y artesanos. Esta política alimentó a la oposición al dar pie a acusaciones de que estaba «vendiendo el país a los blancos», provocando circulares y proclamas revolucionarias ya desde el pasado diciembre.
SummaryResumen
The newspaper reported that the Dominican Republic, covering an area of 1,000 square miles with a population of 136,000, declared its complete independence from the French portion, though Spain had never formally admitted its independence after forty years out of its possession. According to Mr. James Redpath, officially connected with the Republic of Hayti, the Dominican Republic has been divided between two alternating parties represented by Santana and Baez, whose policies indicate re-union and independence. Redpath explained that after Santana failed to repay a million-dollar loan borrowed from Spain and offered a mortgage on the custom-houses, a small band of eighty Spaniards arrived in St. Domingo last summer to work as custom collectors and mechanics, which fueled the opposition's revolutionary claims that Santana was selling the country.
El periódico informó que la República Dominicana, con una superficie de 1.000 millas cuadradas y una población de 136.000 habitantes, declaró su completa independencia de la porción francesa, aunque España nunca había reconocido formalmente su independencia tras cuarenta años fuera de su dominio. Según el Sr. James Redpath, vinculado oficialmente a la República de Haití, la República Dominicana ha estado dividida entre dos facciones alternantes representadas por Santana y Báez, cuyas directrices apuntaban respectivamente a la anexión y a la independencia. Redpath explicó que, tras no poder Santana amortizar un empréstito de un millón de dólares solicitado a España y ofrecer en garantía las aduanas, un reducido contingente de ochenta españoles llegó a Santo Domingo el verano anterior para ejercer como recaudadores aduaneros y artesanos, lo que avivó las denuncias revolucionarias de la oposición de que Santana vendía la patria.